Login

Lower invertebrates, a vast and diverse group of animals, represent some of the most fascinating and biologically important organisms on Earth. Despite their small size and often overlooked status, these creatures are crucial players in numerous ecosystems, and their study has led to major advancements in our understanding of evolutionary history, physiology, and ecology. This book, “Structure and Function of Lower Invertebrates,” aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the anatomy, physiology, behavior, and ecological roles of these remarkable organisms. Through a series of expertly written chapters, we delve into the unique features and functions of various lower invertebrate groups, including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, and many others. In particular, this book focuses on the interplay between structure and function in lower invertebrates, examining how the physical characteristics of these organisms enable them to carry out their vital biological processes. We explore topics such as locomotion, feeding, reproduction, and sensory perception, as well as the ways in which these processes have evolved over time in response to different environmental pressures