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Infections of the oral cavity and the surrounding structures of the head and neck can be some of the most complex and serious to manage. Minor infections, however, are usually easily treated when the correct antibiotic and debridement regimen is used. This regimen must include a comprehensive understanding of the infectious organism and the action of the antibiotic used, along with its corresponding dosage. Oral infections are frequently mild or low-grade localized infections. However, these may spread to become moderate, and if left unattended, grow into a more severe complex condition. Appropriate treatment in the early stages will usually prevent the need for more serious fascial space infections that can be life threatening. Infections can rapidly become severe, especially in a medically compromised patient The material in this chapter is current at the time of writing, but change is ongoing, and the clinician must update frequently for the benefit of the patient. The use of antibiotics is integral part of practice of surgery, medicine and dentistry. The Golden era of anti microbial chemotherapy began with clinical use of Penicillin in 1941. Over last 60 years the “miracle drugs” revolutioned the health care. Several important infections, diseases have been so well controlled that many young physicians and dentists know them only through their textbooks.